The Tension Displayed in W.B Yeats Poetry free essay sample

At the point when one hears the name ‘Yeats’, one doubtlessly thinks about the man many consider to be Ireland’s most noteworthy ever writer. Nonetheless, if you somehow managed to request that these artists talk about their preferred parts of his verse, I am certain that the reaction would add up to minimal more than some ‘umming’ and ‘errring’ and the incidental ‘his alliteration’ from the individuals who recall their days at school. I should concede, I was the equivalent before I started considering his work. Presently, be that as it may, I view myself as knowledgeable regarding the matter of Yeats’ verse. I can distinguish, the greatest number of others can, with his aching to get away from the weights of civilisation and with his craving to have the mental fortitude his saints did. Most importantly, I can relate to his desire for a perfect world. In all honesty, Yeats was a severe, haughty and critical man who, in spite of his wealth and agreeable way of life, never appeared to be glad. An Anglo-Irish relative, he spent piece of his adolescence in England, before coming back to Dublin for the later piece of his training. He was incredibly affected by Maud Gonne, his lonely darling, and Lady Augusta Gregory, an old companion of his. Yeats consumed his time on earth groaning about the issues with the cutting edge world and with his own body. He yearned to get away to his optimal world, where he could be youthful and lighthearted by and by, and be liberated from the weights that so disturbed him during his life. Numerous subjects are apparent all through Yeats’ work. He shows topics of nature, pacifism and of interminability through workmanship. Be that as it may, the most obvious topic introduced in his work is his craving to live in the perfect world. The way where his verse is driven by a pressure between this present reality in which he lives and his optimal world he envisions is entrancing. The late extraordinary Seamus Heaney (another undisputed top choice) depicted Yeats as ‘a visionary, an idealist’. It is difficult to differ with him. Maybe the most clear case of Yeats’ perfect world is appeared in one of his most notable sonnets, ‘The Lake Isle of Innisfree’. This well known sonnet is, in contrast with a portion of his other work, delicately composed. It is less an approving of London, where he was based at that point, and even more a story of the excellence of Innisfree. Yeats decides to differentiate the dull, dark city existence with the lively life one can get by living in detachment on the isle. He rehashes the expression ‘I will emerge and go now’ to extraordinary impact in this sonnet. He needs to go, to get away, to be at one with the universe of nature by the lake. He is exhausted of London and yearns to escape once more. There, he can assemble a little lodge ‘of dirt and wattles made’. He will have ‘nine bean rows’ and ‘a hive for the nectar bee’. Effectively, one can perceive any reason why Yeats wants to live here. What he is portraying is lovely, lively, and bursting at the seams with shading and life. Simultaneously, he will have ‘some harmony there’, which he will have ‘from the shroud of the morning to where the cricket sings’. Yeats keeps on portraying his optimal world when he utilizes similar sounding word usage, sound similarity, sibilance, likeness in sound and cadenced meter in one single line, ‘I hear lake water lapping by the shore’. This is the most spellbinding line in the sonnet. I totally relate to what Yeats is stating here. The symbolism he utilizes is radiant. This comes in sharp complexity to the ‘roadway’ and ‘pavements grey’ he is as of now remaining on. He understands he can't go to his optimal world; he should remain, and like every other person, manage the weights of civilisation. He loathes the world he lives in, and adores Innisfree. The pressure is again clear here. As I would like to think, Yeats is essentially portraying the fantasy of millions in this sonnet. We as a whole need to run away to this perfect world (I realize I do! ) however we can’t. One needs to look on a more profound level to locate the perfect world in ‘The Wild Swans at Coole’. It isn't introduced to us in the most universal way, it must be said. Be that as it may, through the topic of time passing, we can discover Yeats’ perfect world. It is, basically, an existence where Yeats is youthful and lighthearted by and by. He remains at the lake edge at Coole Park and checks ‘nine and fifty swans’. Tragically for Yeats, swans travel two by two. This implies a swan has passed on; they are not, at this point the sixty they used to be. Time has passed; age has crawled up on Yeats and the swans. Regardless of the way that they seem eternal, even the swans have succumbed to time. On the off chance that the swans can't withstand time, what chance has Yeats? It is currently ‘the nineteenth harvest time since I previously made my count’. He concedes that ‘all’s changed since I trod with a lighter tread’. He is not, at this point young and vivacious; he is getting old and tired. His optimal world would to be one of ‘those splendid creatures’ who are ‘unwearied still’. ‘Their hearts have not developed old’, dissimilar to Yeats’. As he gets more established, his inventiveness is likewise in decrease. He stresses that ‘the forest ways are dry’, a representation for his anxiety that his repository of artistic virtuoso is evaporating. By and by, the strain is obvious. On the off chance that solitary he were youthful again, yet he isn't. He isn’t now and he never will be, and Yeats can't stand this. For me, I thought that it was hard to find the perfect world in ‘An Irish Airman Foresees His Death’. In the long run nonetheless, by looking profound into the significance of the sonnet, I had the option to locate this perfect world. It connects emphatically to the next two sonnets I will talk about, ‘September 1913’ and ‘Easter 1916’. It is here that Yeats first diagrams his profound respect of fearlessness. Through the topic of idealism by and by depicted, Yeats talks about the intensity and assurance of Major Robert Gregory, child of Lady Augusta. He battled and kicked the bucket in World War I, anyway the incongruity here is that Gregory passed on a hero’s demise in a war he didn’t care for. ‘Those that I battle I don't abhor, those that I monitor I don't love’. Why, at that point, did Gregory battle ‘somewhere among the mists above’? From my perspective, it is on the grounds that, to him, ‘the years to come appeared to be misuse of breath’. ‘I adjusted all’, he says. ‘I realize that I will meet my fate’, he concedes. It is this imprudent choice to escape from the dreariness of regular day to day existence that Yeats so appreciated. Gregory was Yeats’ perfect man living in a perfect world. The perfect world was the place one could carry on with their life as they wished. Gregory had a definitive enjoyment of death throughout everyday life. WE might all want to disappear to an existence where we can do however we see fit. Not many of us have the mental fortitude. Gregory was courageous enough to get away, albeit at last it cost him his life. Here falsehoods my issue with Yeats. Again, he presents the pressure between the perfect world he envisions and this present reality in which he lives. In my eyes, Yeats is blinded by his reverence for Gregory. He appears to overlook that Gregory has died for his boldness. His self-destructive, silly conduct is neither fearless nor brave. It is out and out moronic, yet Yeats can't appear to see this through his disdain of this present reality. The following sonnet I will examine is my undisputed top choice of Yeats’. It is ‘September 1913’. The topic here is clear for anybody to see; it is the subject of vision of the past. This is maybe the most clear sonnet where Yeats shows the pressure between this present reality and his optimal world. ’ In this sonnet, the writer assaults the materialistic present day Irishmen and celebrates the saints of her progressive past. He seems to be harsh, negative and derisive in the primary section as he depicts the tightwad like, fainthearted current man, who might ‘fumble in an oily till and add the half-pence to the pence†¦ until you have dried the marrow from the bone’. Effectively one can perceive how Yeats is debasingly blaming present day Irishmen for their covetousness. They are so urgent; they will include any half-pence they can discover to their pence. They take cover behind their religion by adding ‘prayer to shuddering prayer’. They ‘were destined to implore and save’, as per Yeats, yet one can recognize a joke on the word ‘pray’ here. It could be thought of as ‘prey’ and has connections to the predator in Alfred Lord Tennyson’s ‘The Eagle’. In any case, Yeats doesn't care for these men. Neither do I in the wake of hearing the poet’s portrayal; it is a wilting, skeptical assessment of them. Unmistakably, they dislike Yeats’ saints of ‘Romantic Ireland’, ‘Edward Fitzgerald†¦ and Robert Emmet and Wolfe Tone’, the men ‘for whom the hangman’s rope was spun’. To Yeats, these men were perfect; they relinquished their lives for the reason, and showed fortitude like Major Robert Gregory in ‘An Irish Airman Foresees His Death’, wild, unreasonable fearlessness, yet boldness in any case. Pressure again is clear here, as these gallant loyalists are appeared in sharp difference to the eager, materialistic men of present day Ireland where Yeats lived. In ‘Easter 1916’, in any case, Yeats seems to withdraw and hence change these perspectives on the advanced man. He by and by shows the subject of optimism here as he pays tribute to his saints, anyway these legends are really the insatiable, materialistic men he assaulted in ‘September 1913’ three years already. In the primary stanza, he recounts how he used to see the volunteers. He would offer them just a ‘nod of the head’ on the off chance that he passed them in the road, and would then continue to consider ‘a taunting story or gibe’ about them. They all lived in a nation where m

The Role of Company Directors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Role of Company Directors - Essay Example Guardian obligation is innate in the midst of the collaboration among chiefs and their organization, trustees and their trusts, and legal advisors and their clients. Barnet (2008) has characterized guardian obligation as a model of care saw in a lawful connection of confidence and confirmation including a person in a place of control, authority or impact, and another who is dependent on the fitting activity of that power...intrinsic in trustee obligation is the responsibility to act in amazing certainty and genuineness, the obligation to work in light of a legitimate concern for the head and to avoid self-managing exchanges, and the duty to not use outlandish requests or to continue without the mindfulness and gift of the head. In a milestone case including Caremark International Inc.1996 by the Delaware Chancery Court, the job of company’s chiefs was extended to envelop obligation in observing the company’s activities or ‘oversight liability’. This in actuality implied that the executives had a guardian obligation of intently directing or regulating the company’s every day exchange accordingly needed to stay up with the latest on the normal activities of the organization. The Delaware Supreme Court’s choice, Stone v. Ritter [Del. Supr., Jan. 27, 2009] maintained that the directors’ inability to ‘act notwithstanding a known obligation to act’ is a penetrate of the obligation of faithfulness. To stem the overabundances of the partnerships in the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was instituted even as the courts ventured up correctional activities on errant chiefs and firms taking part in deceitful exercises. As an outcome, numerous chiefs are progressively getting increasingly engaged with the company’s activities to counterbalance being accused of carelessness and relinquishment of their guardian obligations (Rehfeld, 2005).

Cosmetic Composition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Restorative Composition - Essay Example A concise presentation of a portion of the as often as possible utilized synthetics is given beneath and their consequences for the skin are likewise talked about. Tretinoin additionally ordinarily known as Retin-A will be a substance determined structure nutrients and is typically utilized for the treatment of skin inflammation. Later it was found that it can likewise be utilized for the end of little wrinkles. After this disclosure, corrective organizations customarily began incorporating nutrient An in their beautifiers asserting it to be profoundly advantageous, others differ and expressed that Retin A really disturbs and puffs up the skin which gives it a smooth wrinkle free look. Furthermore natural product acids by and large mainstream as Alpha Hyroxy Acids (AHA) guaranteed to delicately expel the dead skin cells uncovering gentler and smoother internal layer. Later on considers uncovered that AHA’s ought not be utilized much of the time since they can serve to be sedat es as opposed to restorative and it was additionally disallowed since it is as often as possible utilized by non prepared beauticians which can achieve intense harms to the skin. The famously utilized exfoliants can likewise be exceptionally harming and dangerous to the skin since they serve to expel the dead and develop skin cells uncovering and uncovering the untimely skin cells to residue and bright beams. Without the grown-up skin cells, the untimely ones tend to age and dry out quickly. (Leslie, 100) Use of Masks and Serums and its Impact on the Beauty Industry The fundamental worries of people, most definitely is maturing spots and regions influenced by the bright beams. Skin experts have been concentrating their focus on these issues with the goal that they can be effortlessly handled and dealt with. The concentrate of Magnolia Sieboldii is utilized to address the issue of photoaging and furthermore for the counteraction of wrinkles. Its concentrate can shield the skin cells from the sun beams and guarantees least skin harm by stifling the harm of the skin cells and DNA. It likewise contains inside itself the property of diminishing the wrinkles that show up on the skin with time, it does as such by giving development to the amalgamation of collagen at the same time impeding the development of collagenases. Henceforth it is generally utilized in sunblocks, and furthermore in hostile to maturing covers and serums. Other regular dynamic fixings utilized in makeup are liquor, aloe vera, amino acids, avocado oil, beeswax, cucumber separate and so forth. Their helpful effects on skin cells and body are as talked about. Liquor is utilized in a ton of beautifiers with the end goal of skin firming and cleaning it. Aloe vera is viewed as exceptionally successful in rewarding harmed and dry skin, giving it dampness and an alleviating impact. It recovers the dead and develop skin cells. Beeswax is essentially the wax delivered by the honey bees and is known to be successful for the assurance and dampness securing in the phones. Avocado is a multipurpose natural product which is utilized for eating just as in the corrective business. Its concentrates are promptly consumed by the skin making it graceful without a greasy appearance to it. It keeps up and renews the working of the lipid obstruction making lamellar covers which give the skin a unitone appearance alongside adaptability. (Valerie, 219) Benefits of Cosmetic Composition Cosmetics may effectsly affect the skin however whenever utilized carefully and in the correct extent can make the skin

Why the Germans lost

Why Germany Lost and Why It Took the Allies So Long to Win As the World War II started, in 1939, the majority of the European nations were shaping collusions to prepare for the war. The vast majority of the Eastern Europe nations ganged up with Germany to shape a more grounded coalition. Germany was the top choices in this war and broadcasted to be the most grounded contender in the entire of Europe.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Why the Germans lost explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More German had vanquished almost 50% of Europe along these lines making it simple for them to seek after different nations in war. With Adolf Hitler in order, he drove his military to ruthlessly battle and overcome what he named as foes of Germany (Overy, 1997). Germany’s solid point was that they utilized overwhelming gunnery and had a surprisingly steady aviation based armed forces. With an absolute number of 6000 tanks and 4000 airplanes, the Germans predict ed early triumph in this war. They had a terrific ground breaking strategy on the most proficient method to win the war. They drew in huge tank fights and destabilized the greater part of the eastern front powers. Nazi powers vanquished Denmark, Sweden and Poland which was a crucial procedure to Hitler. This success guaranteed him that he would win the war. After a progression of wars, Germany figured out how to vanquish Holland, France and Belgium thus the Nazi’s kept on driving further and assault Britain (Overy, 1997). In the pacific waters, the Japans were battling for the Germans. They had indistinguishable belief systems from the Germans consequently prompted Hitler requesting the gigantic slaughter of the Jewish. Germans were in the fore front underway of arsenals, consequently gave them an advantage to control the dissemination of armed force assets. Germany and Japan were decidedly ready for the war thus they had started enrollment procedure of enlisting youthful off icers and connecting with them to energetic preparing (Overy, 1997). The Germany’s battling front confronted a few shortcomings. Hitler was not sure on what choice to take. While connecting with the soviet powers, he took such a long time to conclude whether to assault or not. He needed to utilize his new armada of tanks known as jaguar tanks. He was very certain that the jaguar tanks will give him triumph. The soviet powers got them ignorant, and vanquished them in this fight. Every one of his expectations of utilizing the puma tanks went down the channel since the greater part of this tanks separated at the fight while a decent number of the tanks fell into his opponents’ hands. Another shortcoming is that the Germans thought little of the ability of their enemies.Advertising Looking for article on history? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the fight against Britain, the German powers had arranged an activity Sealion. They were to destabilize the Royal Air Force by and large. Be that as it may, the Royal Air Force with the assistance of the Soviet Union upset Germany’s plan and vanquished them. This enraged Hitler, and he chose to attack Russia (MacDonald, 2009). Another remarkable difficulty came after Adolf Hitler’s self destruction crucial. The Nazi needed to battle for their lives and without anybody to lead them in this manner they abandoned the war. The Nazi’s experienced a great deal of difficulties like; absence of fuel for their tanks and air creates, nourishment for their military and clinical treatment. The Americans chose to prevent the Nazi’s from overcoming the world. They assaulted the japans with nuclear bombs and disabled the Germans front in the Asian wing. Similarly as with the partners, they had more complex tanks than the Germans and more innovation on war admission. They developed the nuclear bombs which assumed a critical job to annihila te the German powers. In addition, the partners were extensively preferred with these advanced logical developments. They likewise combined modern force for example Britain and France, Soviet Union and America. This empowered them to be a lot of unrivaled as far as assembling secret weapons of war. Their modern capacity dominated that of the Germans. The partners additionally were the main providers of oil to Japan subsequently it was anything but difficult to injure Japan by simply denying them this valuable product. The Royal Air Force of Britain was better than the Germans’ aviation based armed forces. This prompted the crushed of Germans’ aviation based armed forces. With this quiet destruction, British flying corps assumed responsibility for almost 50% of Europe air space. The partners had a high ground on this since they constrained Germany to sign the settlement of Versailles. This settlement restricted the Germans not to utilize tanks, air creates and other ove rwhelming mounted guns. The partners were amazingly composed and all around arranged. This also gave them an advantage to counter both the Japanese armed force adrift and the Germans. The partners had ground-breaking aviation based armed forces and controlled the maritime exercises. This was the key angle to win the war. The red armed force of the partners figured out how to battle successfully as a unit until the war finished. They increased a lot of help from the non military personnel assets in this way they developed certainty to win this war (Overy, 1997). The partners confronted restricted consumption on armed force apparatus. This gave an advantage to the Germans since they contributed every one of their assets to secure the best military hardware. Hitler had fundamentally meddled with the weaponry of the partners subsequently they confronted a ton of confusions in working these weapons.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Why the Germans lost explicitly for y ou for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The allies’ warriors were for the most part incompetent giving them a great deal of troubles in the war. Battling a savage chief, for example, Hitler end up being an exceedingly troublesome assignment since the greater part of the allies’ armed force fighters were mercilessly killed. Any incitement towards him prompted numerous guiltless casualties biting the dust. German was solid and steady for this war, and accordingly, numerous allies’ fighters were gotten ignorant when the war started. Numerous nations mobilized behind Germany in World War II. It was extremely simple for Germany to get their help since every one of these nations were Germany’s triumph in the previous fights (Overy, 1997). References Overy, R. (1997). Why the Allies Won. New York: W.W. Norton Publishers. MacDonald, F. (2009). World War 2. New York: Gareth Stevens Publishing. This paper on Why the Germans lost was composed and put together by client Sonia Whitney to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Can We Define Art

Would we be able to characterize craftsmanship? Obviously we can characterize workmanship. As per word reference, workmanship Is the quality, creation, articulation, or domain of what is lovely engaging or of more than standard hugeness. Be that as it may, in the eye of some craftsman included Morris Welts, they accept workmanship Is indistinct for some explanation. As per Morris Weitz, he call attention to a couple of hypotheses of craftsmanship and contends in his article The Role of Theory in Esthetics, that they are missing to the degree that they can't acceptably cover the entirety of the scope of things we might want to think about works of art. Likewise, they dont precisely catch the idea of craftsmanship. Weitz contends that where past hypotheses turn out badly Is in their endeavors to set up a lot of essential and adequate state of craftsmanship, when in reality what we ought to do Is get some information about workmanship the idea. When this idea Is comprehended, he contends that it will clarify the coherent inconceivability of characterizing workmanship as far as essential and adequate conditions. Besides, Weitzs primary contention for why hypotheses of craftsmanship bomb originates from his utilization of Wittgensteins contemplations about language. pecifically the word game. o craftsmanship. Truth be told, as indicated by Wittgenstein, he featured the trouble of characterizing the word games, he said let us consider what we call games: I mean tabletop games, games, ball-games, Olympic Games, etc. What is basic to them all? Dont state: there must be something basic to all. For on the off chance that you take a gander at them you won't see something that regular to all, yet similitudes. connections. also, an entire arrangement of them at that . He was appearing there is nobody basic element to all games. Also, the word games can't be basically characterized; he contends that games have amily similarities to one another. A few games take after different games in certain regards; there is no more to it, no fundamental and adequate condition. What's more, Weitz contends, this equivalent likeness rule may apply to craftsmanship. The issue of the idea of workmanship resembles that of the idea of games, at any rate in these regards: If we really look and see what it Is that we call craftsmanship, we will likewise locate no regular properties just strands of likenesses. He additionally stated, The essential likeness between these ideas is their open surface. In explanation them certain cases can e given, about which there can be no doubt with respect to their being effectively portrayed as craftsmanship or game however no thorough arrangement of cases can be given. Craftsmanship is an open idea. Its temperament Is with the end goal that new cases will continually emerge which will require a choice with respect to those intrigued on whether to stretch out the idea to incorporate the new cases. He said that the broad, changing and creauve nature of workmanship would make characterizing properties or conclusion of the idea consistently unthinkable. It is hence that he guarantees past endeavors at characterizing workmanship have been futile. Weitzs houghts we may really get ourselves closer to expressions definition. Also, Weitz says: What I am contending, at that point, is that the exceptionally far reaching, audacious character of workmanship, its ever-present changes and novel manifestations, make It intelligently Impossible to guarantee any arrangement of characterizing properties. It implies is that If you were to take a wide scope of examples of works of art, there would be nobody highlight regular to them all. Nonetheless, they are for the most part the basic idea items, to be specific one that is broad and bold. Its vital, so for a masterpiece to encapsulate this innovativeness in any event to Of2 human brain item that has this idea. What's more, protests in nature arent made by somebody with workmanship idea as unbound, audacious imagination; they likewise arent creation from an idea in a human brain, besides, their reality is free of human insight or perception. For instance, mountain, trees, blossoms and something to that effect arent masterpieces. For more data, whoever is delivering the item; they wont do as an activity of imagination and unbound articulation as isn't really creating the article in light of a masterful origination. For instance, it isn't important to have an idea of craftsmanship as a primary concern while making a guide or a story plan or a scale model. As Weitz guaranteed, craftsmanships can be separated from non-fine arts is a clue that maybe endeavoring to characterize workmanship isn't exactly such a vain interest. Besides, I don't think characterizing and clarification of the idea are various errands as Weitz would have us accept. On the off chance that a given craftsmanship has workmanship the idea driving it, at that point this seems to get the job done as an essential condition for its being a gem. Which persuades the word craftsmanship might be characterized by the oncept behind its examples. A significant remark on this methodology is the reaction that, in permitting workmanship to be characterized by the idea driving it, anybody may place or point to some object or stamp and broadcast; that is craftsmanship. For instance a bit of paper scrunched up and tossed on the floor, or an ordinary item unusually set might be pronounced craftsmanship. My reaction to this is in broadcasting such articles as craftsmanship the declared is effectively remarking on and utilizing the idea of workmanship recently settled. An endeavor at testing past masterful show doesn't onstitute creation outside of workmanship the idea. Moreover, I might want to expand the arrangement of non-works of art to contain everything that exist, in their present state, autonomously of intercession by an individual with masterful expectation. To put it plainly, to pronounce an item a fine art isn't sufficient for the presentation to be valid. Since it would have existed and keeps on existing in its present state notwithstanding. This I feel is practically equivalent to why protests in nature are not craftsmanships. Taking everything into account, I feel Weitzs remark on the idea of craftsmanship are significant, yet rather than prompting the end that workmanship s indistinct. Truth be told, it gets us well while in transit to a definition liberated from the issues looked by past hypotheses. Weitz is glad to be quite certain in his depiction of the idea of workmanship, which I have contended permits us to preclude numerous things as non-craftsmanships. By thinking about the distinctions in fine arts and non-craftsmanships, we can see that where something is a gem, the imaginative idea has been available in a human acumen, which has considered and made the piece. Non-works of art exist in their present state freely of any such idea.

Would I Pick Illinois Again (Senior Sentiments)

Would I Pick Illinois Again (Senior Sentiments) Hi everyone, Some of you might have your next four years here mapped out to a tee, while others are still unsure if Illinois is where you want to be. Regardless of how youre feeling, everything youre thinking of is in the future. Now that Im an old timer, I can at least share what I think about my university experience with the power of hindsight, and maybe something will resonate with you to help you make a decision. 1. People matter. I used to be a huge introvert, but Ive developed an extroverted side because you just cant do it alone. People matter so much. Family keeps you grounded, friends keep you accountable, and surrounding yourself with people who inspire and cherish you keeps you sane through what will be some of the most formative years of your life. In this sense, I would choose Illinois again without question. Its a huge school, which sounds intimidating, but it just means its that much more likely that youll be able to find your group of friends. I attend a predominantly Asian church of 1000+ members, my advertising major is predominantly white and female, and at other campus gatherings, Ive met LGBT folk, people in research, rock climbers, and so many others. A big school means you have a lot of potential for great relationships. 2. Opportunities matter, and Illinois has them. When you think of technology, you might immediately of Silicon Valley, California, and West Coast tech companies. But those arent the only places where innovation is happening. Champaign-Urbana has many leading tech companies because of the resources at Illinois  and lower living costs of the area. With one of the highest international populations, Illinois  also has a diverse and worldwide alumni network that you can connect to for learning, mentorship, and jobs. There are some lectures that still put me to sleep and I can complain about how a lot of classes seem pointless, but ultimately I had what I needed here to start building a life and a career. Research Park. Source: researchpark.illinois.edu 3. But U of I is expensive. Truthfully, U of I is expensive,  even for in-state residents. But there are many scholarships available for students. For example, my friend worked throughout her undergrad and was also  part of the I-Promise program, and despite being from a lower-income family, she was able to graduate with $0 debt or loans. Another benefit of Illinois huge alumni network is that it means there are many people in the working world who are happy to donate and give back to fund your education through such scholarships. There are ways to manage money; you just have to be diligent about finding them out. 4. But James, what do you do for fun? Volleyball. Rock climbing. Pumpkin picking. Cider drinking. Star watching. Barn dancing. Restaurant hopping. Movie watching. Arts enjoying. OK, so some of  these are pretty farm-esque for those worried about being in the middle of the cornfields. But the point is, there is a lot of stuff to do. And as long as youre with people you love, it hardly matters what you do. Most of the time youll be studying, pulling shenanigans for free in the residence halls, or just enjoying the huge campus: So would I pick Illinois again? Absolutely. For me, I dont think I could have seen it another way because of the lifelong friends Ive established and the opportunities Ive had. Illinois  is special because no one expects there to be such a hub of life  in the middle of nowhere. But Champaign-Urbana is growing. Will you choose to partake in whats buzzing  here at Illinois? Good luck, and go with your gut. There are no wrong choices, only right onesâ€"as long as you go in with a bit of courage and zeal, youll be a better you by the end of four years, and thats all anyone could want. ?? James Class of 2016 I’m an Advertising major also pursuing a minor in Anthropology. I’m heavily involved with the American Advertising Federation on campus. I'm from Naperville, Illinois.

Feminism and Motherhood Reaction Paper - 1100 Words

Feminism and Motherhood (Reaction Paper Sample) Content: Student Name:Professor:Course Code:Date of Submission:Feminism and MotherhoodSince the 1960s when the wave of feminism took center stage globally, most people, including feminists themselves would agree that since then a lot has changed in terms of the image of a woman in society. Currently, with the exception of a few countries such as in the Arab Emirates, women have all the rights that their opposite gender has, such as voting, same job opportunities, education and so forth. However, even in this new millennium, the question still arises as to whether the dream of those who campaigned for female rights during those years has been fully realized in todays society. This is especially so with the woman still being viewed the being responsible for the kitchen and the children. Therefore, the question of whether indeed women are and shall always be expected to be responsible in these two senses through the institution of marriage is always an open subject. This paper wi ll try to look at these issues through looking at particular questions that regard them. First, the question of what it means for a woman to have a choice between going to work and staying at home to look after her kids is a major source of conflict between die-hard feminists and those they view as being soft feminists. Amongst those who believe that the nuclear family setting is retrogression from the successes made in the 60s and 70s, is Jon Roesch in her article, Turning Back the Clock? Women, Work and Family Today; where she clearly states that the belief in the nuclear family setting is anti-feminist. One of the examples used in the article is the legislation brought forward by former US president George Bush known as the Health Marriage Initiative. To fund this project, his government diverted $1.5 billion from other programs that represented poor women and children (Roesch, internet source). Therefore, she argues, diverting money from projects that obviously need it more than this one just to teach heterosexual couples on marriage, while at the same time being opposed to gay and lesbian relations, is being hypocritical. Therefore, going per her argument, the mere fact that women are expected to choose between going to work or staying at home is a change in tact that simply shows that feminism is still thrives in our society. However, others that see the argument from a different line, even feminists themselves, easily contest the line of thought. One of the arguments made by Susan Bell and Karen Offen in their book Women, the Family and Freedom, they argue that in the 1950s, the main argument made by those anti-feminist was that socially, the place for women was in the homestead with their children and taking care of the family (Offen Bell, 79). However, they continue to say that in those early stages of the movement, the main goal of the women that took to the streets in cities like New York was to demand for equal rights like their male counterparts. The equal rights being regarded in this instant was that these women would be able to go to any work they chose to and not get kicked out due to their gender, or getting similar salaries as their male counterparts in the same job positions. As these two further state, during this time, the battle was not so much into personal issues such as who cooks and who looks after the kids. Rather, it was a wholly encompassing movement and looked at general equal rights. Therefore, since women today get to make the personal choice of whether to go to work or to become stay at home mothers, then many of the original women rights activists would consider this a win situation. However, some argue that the fact that women have to face this choice in itself is demeaning to equality. This point however does not hold water. There are several reasons for this. As Eugen Lupri meditates, within a society, it is very hard to find a person from whom nothing is expected (Lupri, Pg 136). In other words, t o state that giving a woman such a choice in the first place is forcing the issue on her and thus is a repressive move would be to overlook the statement that to have responsibility requires making of choices. The other way is also true, that choices have responsibilities. Nevertheless, there are those still who argue that this notion in itself gives pressure to the woman since within a particular threshold of time, she is expected to have children and maybe even get married. However, there are two underlying issues here, the first being indeed that this choice is the womans to make. She has to choose which side best suites her personal principles and which contravene her beliefs, depending on her outlook towards life. Secondly, choices have consequences as stated earlier and whatever her choice, she is the one that lives with the consequences. It is however undeniable that the society has a great impact on these choices. Most women, including die-hard feminists, have admitted to fa lling to societys pressures towards choices such as having children and deciding how to take care of them, either full time as stay at home mothers or part time while working. The society in this instance mainly refers to three main aspects of it, these being the church or religion, the family and the media. Religion is critical to the decision the woman makes, since most religions contain strict principles on matters concerning marriage and child rearing. It is also important to note that most religions are highly patriarchal (Lupri, 51), thus the choice is narrowed down greatly for the woman. The media today is being bashed by feminists as being a leading voice in taking back the gains made on the issue. This is because most of them see the media... Feminism and Motherhood Reaction Paper - 1100 Words Feminism and Motherhood (Reaction Paper Sample) Content: Student Name:Professor:Course Code:Date of Submission:Feminism and MotherhoodSince the 1960s when the wave of feminism took center stage globally, most people, including feminists themselves would agree that since then a lot has changed in terms of the image of a woman in society. Currently, with the exception of a few countries such as in the Arab Emirates, women have all the rights that their opposite gender has, such as voting, same job opportunities, education and so forth. However, even in this new millennium, the question still arises as to whether the dream of those who campaigned for female rights during those years has been fully realized in todays society. This is especially so with the woman still being viewed the being responsible for the kitchen and the children. Therefore, the question of whether indeed women are and shall always be expected to be responsible in these two senses through the institution of marriage is always an open subject. This paper wi ll try to look at these issues through looking at particular questions that regard them. First, the question of what it means for a woman to have a choice between going to work and staying at home to look after her kids is a major source of conflict between die-hard feminists and those they view as being soft feminists. Amongst those who believe that the nuclear family setting is retrogression from the successes made in the 60s and 70s, is Jon Roesch in her article, Turning Back the Clock? Women, Work and Family Today; where she clearly states that the belief in the nuclear family setting is anti-feminist. One of the examples used in the article is the legislation brought forward by former US president George Bush known as the Health Marriage Initiative. To fund this project, his government diverted $1.5 billion from other programs that represented poor women and children (Roesch, internet source). Therefore, she argues, diverting money from projects that obviously need it more than this one just to teach heterosexual couples on marriage, while at the same time being opposed to gay and lesbian relations, is being hypocritical. Therefore, going per her argument, the mere fact that women are expected to choose between going to work or staying at home is a change in tact that simply shows that feminism is still thrives in our society. However, others that see the argument from a different line, even feminists themselves, easily contest the line of thought. One of the arguments made by Susan Bell and Karen Offen in their book Women, the Family and Freedom, they argue that in the 1950s, the main argument made by those anti-feminist was that socially, the place for women was in the homestead with their children and taking care of the family (Offen Bell, 79). However, they continue to say that in those early stages of the movement, the main goal of the women that took to the streets in cities like New York was to demand for equal rights like their male counterparts. The equal rights being regarded in this instant was that these women would be able to go to any work they chose to and not get kicked out due to their gender, or getting similar salaries as their male counterparts in the same job positions. As these two further state, during this time, the battle was not so much into personal issues such as who cooks and who looks after the kids. Rather, it was a wholly encompassing movement and looked at general equal rights. Therefore, since women today get to make the personal choice of whether to go to work or to become stay at home mothers, then many of the original women rights activists would consider this a win situation. However, some argue that the fact that women have to face this choice in itself is demeaning to equality. This point however does not hold water. There are several reasons for this. As Eugen Lupri meditates, within a society, it is very hard to find a person from whom nothing is expected (Lupri, Pg 136). In other words, t o state that giving a woman such a choice in the first place is forcing the issue on her and thus is a repressive move would be to overlook the statement that to have responsibility requires making of choices. The other way is also true, that choices have responsibilities. Nevertheless, there are those still who argue that this notion in itself gives pressure to the woman since within a particular threshold of time, she is expected to have children and maybe even get married. However, there are two underlying issues here, the first being indeed that this choice is the womans to make. She has to choose which side best suites her personal principles and which contravene her beliefs, depending on her outlook towards life. Secondly, choices have consequences as stated earlier and whatever her choice, she is the one that lives with the consequences. It is however undeniable that the society has a great impact on these choices. Most women, including die-hard feminists, have admitted to fa lling to societys pressures towards choices such as having children and deciding how to take care of them, either full time as stay at home mothers or part time while working. The society in this instance mainly refers to three main aspects of it, these being the church or religion, the family and the media. Religion is critical to the decision the woman makes, since most religions contain strict principles on matters concerning marriage and child rearing. It is also important to note that most religions are highly patriarchal (Lupri, 51), thus the choice is narrowed down greatly for the woman. The media today is being bashed by feminists as being a leading voice in taking back the gains made on the issue. This is because most of them see the media...

The Decision Between Organic And Conventional Foods

â€Å"Sales of organic foods have soared in recent years, as more consumers pay attention to where their food comes from and try to eliminate exposure to chemicals and toxins.† (Walmart2015) Multiple factors such as cost, convenience and health risks can influence a consumer in the decision between organic and conventional foods. In the past years the media has opened consumer minds to the risks of conventional foods and resources have been made available to close the gap in cost and convenience between organic and conventional foods. In recent years, resources have been created to close the financial gap between organic and conventional foods, though you might find yourself shopping at different stores or farmers markets. Most consumers go towards weekly adds in their local grocer clipping coupons and shopping on a budget that usually led to a cart filled with conventional foods. In recent years that has changed. Typical stores are now carrying organic options and also advertising sales and new items. Walmart is trying to make organic food more accessible to its budget- conscious shoppers. The nation’s largest retailer is making a bigger bet on the fast-growing category, teaming with Wild Oats to sell organic packaged food priced in line with conventional foods and at least 25 percent less than other organic brands it carries. The effort by Wal-Mart, the world’s largest retailer and the largest seller of food in the United States, could have a ripple effect in theShow MoreRelatedWhat Are The Pros An d Cons Of Organic Foods1393 Words   |  6 Pages Organic Foods Courtney Rathmann HLTH 232 10/1/2017 Hearing the term organic foods, we think what are those and how do they compare to conventional foods? Organic foods and other ingredients are grown without the use of pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, sewage sludge, genetically modified organisms, or ionizing radiation. 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SABMiller - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2209 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION: SABMiller is an international brewing company which not only relates with brewing business but also deal with hotels and gaming world. SABMiller Company comes from the organization SAB (The South African Breweries Limited) which was founded in 1895 and the position of SABMiller in todays market is they are having 98% share of the beer market. The main objective of an organization is to achieve commercial success in beer and other beverages by gaining customer satisfaction over quality and services as well as by fulfilling stakeholders expectation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "SABMiller" essay for you Create order For achieving this objective organization fulfill their goals of business growth and maximized long term shareholder value. SABMiller plays an important role in the South African soft drink market by holding 74% interest in Amalgamated Beverage Industry Ltd, the worlds largest bottling company of Coco-Cola products with an ownership of Appletiser South Africa Private Ltd. At the end of 31 M arch 2009, SABMiller is listed on the London and Johannesburg stock exchanges, the group reported US$3,405 million in adjusted as pretax profit and group revenue of US$25,302 million. https://www.sabmiller.com/index.asp?pageid=180 (Accessed: 17/12/2009) HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT: BECOMING A GLOBAL BREWER HISTORY OF SAB: The South African Breweries Limited (SAB) was founded in 1895 and today SABMiller holds 98 percent share of the beer market. Jones, Adam (2003). In 1895 The South African Breweries Limited (SAB) is incorporated in London. SAB gain an ownership of Castle Brewery in Johannesburg, South Africa. In the same year company got a listing on London stock exchange, a brand new product Castle Larger got launched from a new commissioned lager brewery having capacity of 50,000 barrels per annum. In 1897 SAB got a position in Johannesburg Stock Exchange, SAB was the first industrial company which got listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and got first industrial share. In 1898SAB started producing Castle lager, which becomes a phenomenal success. In 1911 SAB started importing seeds free of charges and reduced to buy crop at market prices which results in stimulation in local market. In 1925 by buying a stake in the Schweppes Company, SAB diversifies into soft drinks. In 1950 S AB moved head office from London to Johannesburg. In 1956 SAB purchased Ohlssons Cape Breweries and Chandlers Union Breweries take, resulting union of three largest South African brewing companies and SAB gained 90 percent of the domestic market.. In 1994 by gaining joint venture with China Resources Enterprise Limited, SAB accessed in the Chinese beer market. In 1999 SAB reestablished headquarters in London. SABs divestment program reduces interests in beer, soft drinks, wines and spirits, and hotel and gaming. In 2000 SAB gain an accessed in Indian market by acquiring Narang Breweries and purchased its first brewery plant. https://www.sabmiller.com/index.asp?pageid=27 (Accessed: 17/12/2009) ESTABLISHMENT OF SABMILLER: In 2002 Company changes its name to SABMiller as SAB acquired number two U.S beer maker Miller Brewing Company for $3.48 billion in stock. In 2003Company purchased 60% stocks of Birra Peroni, Italys number two brewer. This was the first major investment SABMiller did in Western Europe. In 2005 Company merge with a Grupo Empresarial Bavaria, South Americas second largest brewer In 2008 SABMiller got control over Grolsch by acquisition and announced the construction of a new beverage plant in Juba, Southern Sudan. https://www.sabmiller.com/index.asp?pageid=27 (Accessed: 18/12/2009) STRATEGIC POSITION OF SAB IN 2007: According to many authors, Strategy plays an important role in organization for achieving objective and getting exposure in the corporate market, for example according to Andrews (1980) strategy can define various factors of an organization such as company policies, its range of business, its human and economic organization and its contribution to stakeholder. Johnson and Scholes (1999) cited strategy as a scope and direction of an organization over the long term period. To meet the proper need of markets and to fulfill stakeholder expectations, organisazation must utilize proper configuration of resources within a flexible environment to gain advantage. According to Grant (1995) corporate strategy deals with the ways in which a corporation manages a set of business together. By understanding the concepts of these authors and to identify the Strategic position of SAB it is must to analyze factors like business environment, core competencies, capabilities and stakeholder expectat ion, and these factors will be analyze by using PESTEL analysis and SWOT analysis. SABMiller is a operating throughout the world and its networking is globalized if we compare its position in year 2007. It is having a good developed and mature market in many countries throughout the world, such as South Africa (Local market), Rest of Africa, Asia and Eastern Europe, USA and Western Europe, Latin America. Let us discuss different markets of SABMiller throughout the world. SABMiller is having a well known and traditional market in South Africa. SABMiller monopolized different industries. Sales show that the growth potential is very low but profit factor is still there as customers are trading up to the segments. AIDS is a huge threat for the company in terms of availability of work force and this will play a negative impact on the disposable income of the population which will affect SABMiller. The market in South Africa is under threat. The market in Rest of Africa is highly potential having volatile political landscape. Business in Rest of Africa is explore and presence in Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique, Angola and many on and still continue to grow, which is helped by clear segmentation strategy and by border distribution. These markets trade in soft currencies which is a very risky factor as seen in Botswana. By analyzing these markets in SABMiller portfolio the risk factor might lose confidence from stakeholders, as many core competences of SABMiller were developed in these markets. Markets in Asia and Eastern Europe show different characteristics like highly fragments, increasing disposable income and Due to these characteristics SABMiller gain an easy access to enter into these markets. While penetrating in Indian and Chinese market, SABMiller faced different problems like regulations and high competition but they are still exploring and expanding themselves in the markets like Vietnam. The markets in Western Europe and USA are very different to the once that SABMiller used to operate, as these are highly saturated and concentrated. Due to the perception made by stakeholders they traded too much using soft currencies. Miller started losing market quickly and SAB took an advantage over it and bring its own performance rating System to monitor employee. SABMiller perform very well in Latin American market. They were constantly doing their best in Latin American market. SABMiller put great efforts to take over Grupo Empresarial Bavaria and they have done it. PESTEL ANALYSIS: Ø POLITICAL:  · While dealing with government a great political sensitivity is needed.  · SABMiller faced problems in Regulation and Quality laws (e.g. Countries like India and China) for producing beer in large quantity and to gain economy of scale.  · Productivity got affected due to the political stability in certain countries like Botswana. Ø ECONOMIC:  · SABMiller got really hurt because of devaluation of soft currencies.  · Markets in India and China gave very low profit margin.  · A highly rising cost of energy and aluminum affects the profitability.  · Latin market of SABMiller increased from 25.2 to 52.1 % which make harder to get out money from the market.  · Development of Fragmented market facilitate easer takeover. Ø SOCIAL:  · SABMiller got adversely affected by new trends like wines and Spirits.  · Lifestyles in emerging markets have changed and beer consumption got increased due to the increase in the availability of disposable income.  · A devastating effect Ø TECHNOLOGICAL:  · Due to modern machinery, new packing can be easily introduced as evidenced in Czech.  · Easier to manage the ever broadening distribution network.  · A variation of beer got introduced in to the market. Ø ENVIRONMENTAL:  · SABMillers profitability adversely got affected due to weather condition in Latin American market in 2006. Ø LEGAL:  · Due to the local law, takeover attempts may generate problems. SWOT ANALYSIS: Ø STRENGTHS:  · Very strong in local market.  · Excellent portfolio and a large brand.  · High operational productivity.  · Different skills to succeed in developing markets.  · Economy scale is very high due to large market shares in some markets.  · Strong distribution channels and global networking. Ø WEAKNESS:  · Tendency of acquisitions.  · Dependability over the Soft currency.  · Expertise limited to the brewing industry only.  · Government acts as a key player, as main market are in highly volatile areas like Africa and Asia. Ø OPPORTUNITY:  · Strongly growth of emerging markets.  · It is easy for SABMiller to buy in to a market with the help of highly fragmented developing mark Ø THREATS:  · AIDS problem in South Africa.  · Constantly rising cost of energy and aluminium affects the SABMiller profitability.  · Strong competition in countries India and China.  · SABMiller got affected adversely due to the new trends like wines and spirits. STRATEGIC IMPLIMENTATION IN FUTURE: A current strategic position of SABMillers has provided information about opportunities and challenges which it face in its business environment but it does not match with stake holder expectations, core competences and market reality because of which a dilemma got generated for SABMiller. To get proper strategy implementation in future for SABMiller a tool Ansoff Matrix is used. There are different choices available to SABMiller. CONSOLIDATION: By holding firms in the developing market this strategy will focus on reducing market risk like Western Europe, USA and Africa. This does not give any importance to competences developed by the company by initiating risky moves. As the company is highly efficient it is easily feasible. But the main issue is acceptance of this strategy as stake holders would not be really happy with this choice. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: This is very flexible and aggressive strategy where by company can respond by developing new products to the market. Premium beer segment is rapidly growing, as company will get a good product opportunity. For most parts, this strategy will be a usual business strategy and will build on what company has been doing throughout the year. But the growth of future is balance without any guaranty as customers (Drinkers) can be fiercely loyal to their existing brand. Stake holders will surely accept this strategy as it is certainly feasible. MARKET DEVELOPMENT: A new market segment is called as market development. SABMiller is having an excellent reputation in the brewing industry and by using this strategy SABMiller can easily tap out its competitors. African market is having a high potential for expansion of SABMiller. But small factors like AIDS, political instability and soft currencies are worrying the stakeholders if SABMiller decided to expand in Africa. This strategy will give highly profitable in markets like Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America, as Miller gain success in Russian market by using this strategy. The problem which may occur will be of stakeholders expectation and which totally depends on market condition. JOINT VENTURE: This is the strategy which will be useful for the SABMiller in USA and Western European market. A joint venture with a major western brewer can bring to the table what SABMiller lacks (Penetration into competitive and saturated market). But the problem is of risk factor. As it is very risky business, opening up the developing markets to high profile competitor. DIVERSIFICATION: It is the least attractive strategy which SABMiller can use as an option. SABMiller is one of those companies which are having a true portfolio management. The implementation of synergy portfolio logic will be interested to see as it can work in favor of SABMiller by adding business to its portfolio which gives compliment and support to its core brewery business. ANSOFF MATRIX ANALYSIS: Ø MARKET PENETRATION:  · Introduction of SABMillers premium brands in the USA and Western European market. Ø MARKET DEVELOPMENT:  · Global expansion, particularly in developed and saturated market.  · New breweries in countries like Indian, Chinese and Vietnam.  · Development in border distribution channels in Africa. Ø PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT:  · Rapid growth of premium segment offers product development opportunity to SABMiller. Ø DIVERSIFICATION:  · SABMiller is already having true portfolio of hotels, gambling centers and a match factory. CONCLUSION: From the past history SABMiller has shown a core competency in developing strategies and environmental scanning. The failure of penetrating in the saturated market and to defend its market from emerging competitors must be a challenging task for SABMiller. In future SABMiller have to face tough competition from its rivals. The key to SABMillers success will be a proper implementation of strategy and its brand portfolio. REFERENCES:  · Andrews, K.R. (1965), The concept of corporate strategy, New York: Dow Jones-Irwin.  · Grant, R.M (1995) Contemporary Strategy Analysis, 2nd edition, Basil Blackwell: Oxford  · Johnson, G and Scholes, K (1999) Exploring Corporate Strategy: Text and cause (5th edn). Harlow: Person Education.  · www.sabmiller.com https://www.sabmiller.com/index.asp?pageid=180 (Accessed: 17/12/2009)  · https://www.sabmiller.com/index.asp?pageid=27 (Accessed: 17/12/2009) BIBLOGRAPHY:  · Anderson, Robert, and John Willman, SAB Buys Czech Republics Largest Brewer,Financial Times,October 8, 1999, p. 23.  · Andrews, K.R. (1965), The concept of corporate strategy  · Ansoff, H.I. (1965), Corporate strategy: an analytic approach to business policy for growth and expansion, London: McGraw-Hill.  · Bobinski, Christopher, and Roderick Oram, South African Breweries in Polish Acquisition,Financial Times, 1996.  · Grant, R.M (1995) Contemporary Strategy Analysis, 2nd edition, Basil Blackwell: Oxford  · Johnson, G and Scholes, K (1999) Exploring Corporate Strategy.  · Martin, Peter, Selling Old Beer in New Bottles,Financial Times, 2002.  · Pringle, David, Miller Deal Brings Stability to SAB,Wall Street Journal, 2002.  · Simon, Bernard, An Old School Brewer for Miller,New York Times, 2003.  · â€Å"Trouble Brewing for the ANC,Economist, 1994.  · Willman, John, and Robert Anderson, SAB Is Prepared for More Beer and Scuffles, Financial Times, 1999.  · www.sabmiller.com.

Achilles Slaughtered The Great Trojan Hero Essay - 1271 Words

Achilles slaughtered the great Trojan hero, Hector and single-handedly changed the tide of the battle. He was a marvelous Greek hero, but his accomplishments paled in comparison to his friend Odysseus. In addition to accruing glory and fame in the Trojan War, Odysseus went on to write history in an epic journey all across the Mediterranean to return to his family. Odysseus acquired more kleos than any other Greek hero in Homer’s epics. The Greeks considered kleos to be the measure of a man. Unlike modern western civilization, the Ancient Greeks didn’t believe in immortality through an afterlife, but naturally, they still sought something permanent, something to give them a purpose in life. They fulfilled this psychological need by creating a glorious legacy, and achieving kleos in the eyes of their peers in order to â€Å"†¦measure one’s value to others and to oneself,† (Charles Segal, 22). In fact, the Greeks thought that their reputation, their kleo s, â€Å"†¦was more important than life itself,† (Charles Segal, 22). Many heroes attain kleos in Homer’s literature, but none so much as Odysseus. Only Agamemnon, Menelaus, Diomedes, Hector, Aeneas and Achilles could even begin to rival Odysseus’ reputation. While all of these heroes were praised for their actions, a few stand above the rest. Menelaus, Diomedes, and Hector were incredibly skilled soldiers and leaders, but their claims to kleos are based solely on their battlefield accomplishments and none of their battlefieldShow MoreRelatedAchilles, Agamemnon and Hektor, Three Great Heroes with Different Characteristics.1485 Words   |  6 PagesAchilles, Agamemnon and Hektor, three great heroes with different characteristics. 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Throughout the Iliad, Achilles acts on rage and revenge. â€Å"Rage-Goddess, sing the rage of Peleus’ son Achilles, murderous, doomed, that cost the Achaens countless losses, hurling down to the House of Death so many sturdy souls, great fighters’ soulsRead MoreWeakness Of Heroes In Macbeth1475 Words   |  6 PagesThe typical hero is ordinarily seen as strong, independent and courageous. While some may think heroes would gain strength and bravery from knowing their fate, knowing one’s future can actually lead to the destruction of a hero, no matter how invincible they are. Their downfall takes place because heroes allow this knowledge to run their actions in the most disastrous way possible. The so called heroes from books like â₠¬Å"The Iliad† and â€Å"Macbeth† allow further insight to how this knowledge can becomeRead MoreAchilles Shield Is Much More Than A Tale Of War And Glory2478 Words   |  10 PagesAchilles shield is much more than a tale of war and glory. 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Hunting Is Not A Fair Thing - 1672 Words

Hunting, meaning tracking or trapping of wild animals is one of the oldest activities known to mankind. Back in the days, hunting was a necessity of life for our ancestors to be able to obtain food for nourishment. People still hunt animals for food, but it’s more of a recreational activity now and laws govern which specific animals can be hunted. People who disagree about hunting say that it is detrimental to the beautiful nature, which results in numerous accidents every year and is simply cruel to animals. According to U.S Fish and Wildlife Services, only about 12.5 million people in America participated in hunting activities in the year of 2006. This is a very small number (less than 5 percent) when compared to more than 300 million population of the country. There are many non-hunters in this country that believe that hunting is not a fair thing to animals, but they don’t realize that there are many benefits that come with hunting. Hunting is something that is considered by many people to be immoral, cruel, and an unethical practice. However, there are many of us who truly support hunting because it can control animal populations, brings tourism to small towns, provides family-oriented recreation, and greatly promote appreciation of the wilderness. The Human Society of the United States reported that less than 2 percent of animals that Americans interact with are killed by hunters. The remaining 98 percent are farm animals, which are killed every year forShow MoreRelatedHunting : The Truth About Hunting Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesI m hunting wabbits: The truth about hunting? Many people think of the bahamas, or a five star hotel when a vacation is mentioned, however that is not true for all. For those who enjoy the outdoors and nature, a nice hunting trip speak more to them. 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Medicine and Ayurveda Free Essays

Ayurveda  (Sanskrit:   ;  Ayurveda, â€Å"the knowledge for long life†;  /? a?.? r? ve? d? /[2]) or  ayurvedic medicine  is a Hindu system of  traditional medicine native to  India  and a form of  alternative medicine. The earliest literature on Indian medical practice appeared during the  Vedic period  in India,[3]  i. We will write a custom essay sample on Medicine and Ayurveda or any similar topic only for you Order Now e. , in the mid-second millennium BCE. The  Susruta Sa? hita  and the  Charaka Sa? hita, encyclopedias of medicine compiled from various sources from the mid-first millennium BCE to about 500 CE,[4]  are among the foundational works of Ayurveda. Over the following centuries, ayurvedic practitioners developed a number of medicinal preparations and surgical procedures for the treatment of various ailments. [5]  Current practices derived (or reportedly derived) from Ayurvedic medicine are regarded as part of  complementary and alternative medicine. [6] Safety concerns have been raised about Ayurveda, with two U. S. studies finding about 20 percent of Ayurvedic Indian-manufactured  patent medicines contained toxic levels of heavy metals such as  lead,  mercury  and  arsenic. Other concerns include the use of herbs containing toxic compounds and the lack of quality control in Ayurvedic facilities. At an early period[when? ], Ayurveda adopted the physics of the â€Å"five  elements† (Devanagari: [ ] ); earth (P? thvi), water (Jala), fire (Agni), air (Vayu) and space (Akasa) that compose the  universe, including the human body. [9]  Ayurveda describes seven types of tissues of the body, known as thesaptadhatu  (Devanagari: ). They are plasma (rasa dhatu), blood (rakta dhatu),  flesh  (ma? a dhatu), adipose (medha dhatu),  bone  (asthi dhatu),marrow  and nervous (majja dhatu), and reproductive (semen  or  female reproductive tissue) (sukra dhatu). [10]  Ayurvedic literature deals elaborately with measures of healthful living during the entire span of life and its various phases. Ayurveda stresses a balance of three elemental energies or  humors:Vayu / vata  (air space – â€Å"wind†),  pitta  (fire wate r – â€Å"bile†) and  kapha  (water earth – â€Å"phlegm†). According to ayurvedic medical theory, these three substances —  do? as (Devanagari: —are important for health, because when they exist in equal quantities, the body will be healthy, and when they are not in equal amounts, the body will be unhealthy in various ways. One ayurvedic theory asserts that each human possesses a unique combination of  do? as  that define that person’s temperament and characteristics. Another view, also present in the ancient literature, asserts that humoral equality is identical to health, and that persons with preponderances of humours are proportionately unhealthy, and that this is not their natural temperament. In ayurveda, unlike the Sa? khya philosophical system, there are 20 fundamental qualities,  gu? a  (Devanagari: , meaning qualities) inherent in all substances. [11]  While surgery and surgical instruments were employed from a very early period, Ayurvedic theory asserts that building a healthy metabolic system, attaining good  digestion, and proper  excretion  lead to vitality. [11]  Ayurveda also focuses on exercise,  yoga, and  meditation. [12] The practice of  panchakarma  (Devanagari: is a therapeutic way of eliminating toxic elements from the body. [13] As early as the  Mahabharata, ayurveda was called â€Å"the science of eight components† (Skt. a a? ga,  Devanagari: ), a classification that became canonical for ayurveda. They are:[14] 1. Internal medicine  (Kaya-cikitsa) 2. Paediatrics  (Kaumarabh? tyam) 3. Surgery  (Salya-cikitsa) 4. Opthalmology  and  ENT  (Salakya tantra) 5. Psychiatry  has been called  Bhuta vidya  . [3 ] 6. Toxicology  (Agadatantram) 7. Prevention of diseases and improving  immunity  and  rejuvenation  (rasayana) 8. Aphrodisiacs  and improving health of progeny (Vajikaranam) In Hindu mythology, the origin of ayurvedic medicine is attributed to  Dhanvantari, the physician of the gods. [15] ————————————————- Practices Several philosophers in India combined religion and traditional medicine—notable examples being that of  Hinduism  and ayurveda. Shown in the image is the philosopher  Nagarjuna—known chiefly for his doctrine of the  Madhyamaka  (middle path)—who wrote medical works  The Hundred Prescriptions  and  The Precious Collection, among others. [16] [edit]Balance Hinduism  and  Buddhism  have been an influence on the development of many of ayurveda’s central ideas – particularly its fascination with balance, known in Buddhism as  Madhyathmaka  (Devanagari: ). [17]  Balance is emphasized; suppressing natural urges is seen to be unhealthy, and doing so claimed to lead to illness. [17]  However, people are cautioned to stay within the limits of reasonable balance and measure. [17]  For example, emphasis is placed on moderation of food intake,[9]  sleep, sexual intercourse. [17] [edit]Diagnosis Ayurvedic practitioners approach diagnosis by using all five senses. 18]  Hearing is used to observe the condition of breathing and speech. [10]  The study of the lethal points or  marman marma  is of special importance. [11]  Ayurvedic doctors regard physical and mental existence together with personality as a unit, each element having the capacity to influence the others. One of the fundamental aspects of ayurve dic medicine is to take this into account during diagnosis and therapy. [edit]Hygiene Hygiene  is a central practice of ayurvedic medicine. Hygienic living involves regular bathing, cleansing of teeth, skin care, and eye washing. 10] [edit]Treatments Ayurveda stresses the use of plant-based medicines and treatments. Hundreds of plant-based medicines are employed, including  cardamom  and cinnamon. Some animal products may also be used, for example milk,  bones, and  gallstones. In addition, fats are used both for consumption and for external use. Minerals, including  sulfur,  arsenic, lead,  copper sulfate  and gold are also consumed as prescribed. [10]  This practice of adding minerals to herbal medicine is known as  rasa shastra. In some cases, alcohol was used as a  narcotic  for the patient undergoing an operation. The advent of Islam introduced  opium  as a narcotic. [14]  Both oil and tar were used to stop bleeding. [10]  Traumatic bleeding was said to be stopped by four different methods:  ligation  of the  blood vessel;  cauterisation by heat; using different herbal or animal preparations locally which could facilitate  clotting; and different medical preparations which could  constrict  the bleeding or oozing vessels. Various oils could be used in a number of ways, including regular consumption as a part of food, anointing, smearing,  head massage, and prescribed application to infected areas. 19][page  needed] [edit]Srotas Ensuring the proper functions of channels (srotas) that transport fluids from one point to another is a vital goal of ayurvedic medicine, because the lack of healthy srotas is thought to cause  rheumatism,  epilepsy,  autism,  paralysis,  convulsions, and  insanity. Practitioners induce sweating and prescribe steam-based treatments as a means to open up the channels and dilute the  do? as[clarification needed]  that cause the blockages and lead to disease. [20] ————————————————- [edit]History One view of the early history of ayurveda asserts that around 1500  BC, ayurveda’s fundamental and applied principles got organized and enunciated. In this historical construction, Ayurveda traces its origins to the  Vedas,  Atharvaveda  in particular, and is connected to Hindu religion. Atharvaveda  (one of the four most ancient books of Indian knowledge, wisdom and culture) contains 114 hymns or formulations for the treatment of diseases. Ayurveda originated in and developed from these hymns. In this sense, ayurveda is considered by some to have divine origin. Indian medicine has a long history, and is one of the oldest organised systems of medicine. Its earliest concepts are set out in the sacred writings called the Vedas, especially in the metrical passages of the  Atharvaveda, which may possibly date as far back as the 2nd millennium BC. According to a later writer, the system of medicine was received by  Dhanvantari  from  Brahma, and Dhanvantari was deified as the god of medicine. In later times his status was gradually reduced, until he was credited with having been an earthly king[10]  named  Divodasa. 22] Underwood ; Rhodes (2008) hold that this early phase of traditional Indian medicine identified â€Å"fever (takman), cough,  consumption, diarrhea,  dropsy,  abscesses,  seizures, tumours, and skin diseases (including  leprosy)†. [10]  Treatment of complex ailments, including  angina pectoris,  diabetes,  hypertension, and  stones, also ensued during this period. [5][24]  Plastic surgery,  couching  (a form of cataract surgery), puncturing to release fluids in the  abdomen, extraction of foreign elements, treatment of  anal fistulas, treating fractures,  amputations,  cesarean sections, and stitching of wounds were known. 10]  The use of herbs and surgical instruments became widespread. [10]  The  Charaka Samhita  text is arguably the principal classic reference. It gives emphasis to the triune nature of each person: body care, mental regulation, and spiritual/consciousness refinement. Other early works of ayurveda include the  Charaka Samhita, attributed to  Charaka. [10]  The earliest surviving excavated written material which contains references to the works of Sushruta is the  Bower Manuscript, dated to the 6th century  AD. The Bower manuscript is of special interest to historians due to the presence of Indian medicine and its concepts in Central Asia. 25]  Vagbhata, the son of a senior doctor by the name of Simhagupta,[26]  also compiled his works on traditional medicine. [10]  Early ayurveda had a school of physicians and a school of surgeons. [3]  Tradition holds that the text  Agnivesh tantra, written by the sage Agnivesh, a student of the sage  Bharadwaja, influenced the writings of ayurveda. [27] The Chinese pilgrim  Fa Hsien  (ca. 337–422 AD) wrote about the health care system of the  Gupta empire  (320–550) and described the institutional approach of Indian medicine, also visible in the works of Charaka, who mentions a clinic and how it should be equipped. 28]  Madhava (fl. 700), Sarngadhara (fl. 1300), and Bhavamisra (fl. 1500) compiled works on Indian medicine. [25]  The medical works of both Sushruta and Charaka were translated into the  Arabic language  during the  Abbasid Caliphate  (ca. 750). [29]  These Arabic works made their way into Europe via intermediaries. [29]  InItaly, the Branca family of  Sicily  and Gaspare Tagliacozzi (Bologna) beca me familiar with the techniques of Sushruta. [29] British physicians traveled to India to see  rhinoplasty  being performed by native methods. 30]  Reports on Indian rhinoplasty were published in the  Gentleman’s Magazine  in 1794. [30]  Joseph Constantine Carpue  spent 20 years in India studying local plastic surgery methods. [30]  Carpue was able to perform the first major surgery in the western world in 1815. [31]  Instruments described in the  Sushruta Samhita  were further modified in the Western World. [31] ————————————————- [edit]Current status [edit]India According to some sources up to 80 percent of people in India use some form of traditional medicines, a category which includes Ayurveda. 32] In 1970, the Indian Medical Central Council Act which aims to standardize qualifications for ayurveda and provide accredited institutions for it s study and research was passed by the  Parliament of India. [33]  In India, over 100 colleges offer degrees in traditional ayurvedic medicine. [12]  The Indian government supports research and teaching in ayurveda through many channels at both the national and state levels, and helps institutionalize traditional medicine so that it can be studied in major towns and cities. [34]  The state-sponsored  Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences  (CCRAS) has been set up to research the subject. 35]  To fight  biopiracy  and unethical patents, the  Government of India, in 2001, set up the  Traditional Knowledge Digital Libraryas repository of 1200 formulations of various systems of Indian medicine, such as ayurveda,  unani  and  siddha. [36][37]  The library also has 50 traditional ayurveda books digitized and available online. [38] Central Council of Indian Medicine  (CCIM) a statutory body established in 1971, under  Department of Ayurveda, Yo ga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy  (AYUSH),  Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,  Government of India, monitors higher education in ayurveda. 39]  Many clinics in urban and rural areas are run by professionals who qualify from these institutes. [33] [edit]Sri Lanka The Sri Lankan tradition of Ayurveda is very similar to the Indian tradition. Practitioners of Ayurveda in Sri Lanka refer to texts on the subject written in  Sanskrit, which are common to both countries. However, they do differ in some aspects, particularly in the herbs used. The Sri Lankan government has established a Ministry of Indigenous Medicine (established in 1980) to revive and regulate the practice within the country[40]  The Institute of Indigenous Medicine (affiliated to the  University of Colombo  currently ffers undergraduate, postgraduate, and MD degrees in the practice of Ayurveda Medicine and Surgery, and similar degrees in  unani  medicine. [41] There are currently 62 Ayurvedic Hospitals and 208 central dispensaries in the public system, and they served almost 3 million people (approximately 11 percent of Sri Lanka’s total population) in 2010. In total there are currently approximately 20,000 registered practitioners of Ayurveda in the country. [42][43] Many Sri Lankan hotels and resorts offer Ayurveda themed packages, where guests are treated to a wide array of Ayurveda treatments during their stay. edit]Outside South Asia Due to different laws and medical regulations in the rest of the world, the unregulated practice and commercialization of ayurvedic medicine has raised ethical and legal issues; in some cases, this damages the reputation of ayurvedic medicine outside India. [44][45][46] ————————————————- [edit]Scientific appraisal In studies in mice, the leaves ofTerminalia arjuna  have been shown to have analgesic and an ti-inflammatory properties. [47] As a  traditional medicine, many ayurveda products have not been tested in rigorous scientific studies and  clinical trials. In India, research in ayurveda is undertaken by the statutory body of the  Central Government, the  Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha  (CCRAS), through a national network of research institutes. [48]  A systematic review of ayurveda treatments for rheumatoid  arthritis  concluded that there was insufficient evidence, as most of the trials were not done properly, and the one high-quality trial showed no benefits. [49]  A review of ayurveda and  cardiovascular diseaseconcluded that the evidence for ayurveda was not convincing, though some herbs seemed promising. 50] Two varieties of  Salvia  have been tested in small trials; one trial provided evidence that  Salvia lavandulifolia  (Spanish sage) may improve word recall in young adults,[51]  and another provided evidence that  Salvia officinalis  (Common sage) may improve symptoms in  Alzheimer’s  patients. [52]  Many plants used as  rasayana  (rejuvenation) medications ar e potent antioxidants. [53]  Neem  appears to have beneficial pharmacological properties. [54] ————————————————- [edit]Safety Rasa shastra, the practice of adding metals, minerals or gems to herbs, may have toxic heavy metals such as  lead,  mercury  and  arsenic. 7]  Adverse reactions to herbs due to their pharmacology are described in traditional ayurvedic texts, but ayurvedic practitioners are reluctant to admit that herbs could be toxic and that reliable information on herbal toxicity is not readily available. And there is communication gap between modern medicine practitioners and Ayurvedic practitioners[55] According to a 1990 study on ayurvedic medicines in India, 41 percent of the products tested contained arsenic, and 64 percent contained lead and mercury. 32]  A 2004 study found toxic levels of heavy metals in 20 percent of ayurvedic preparations made in South Asia and sold in the Boston area, and concluded that ayurvedic products posed serious health risks and should be tested for heavy-metal contamination. [56]  A 2008 study of more than 230 products found that approximately 20 percent of remedies (and 40 percent of  rasa shastra  medicines) purchased over the Internet from both US and Indian suppliers contained lead, mercury or arsenic. 7][57][58]  In 2012 Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Washington states in its report that Ayurvedic drugs has links to lead poisoning on the basis of some cases presented where some pregnant woman had taken Ayurvedic drugs toxic materials were found in their blood. [59] Ayurvedic proponents believe that the toxicity of these materials is reduced through purification processes such as  samskaras  or  shodhanas  (for metals), similar to the Chinese  pao zhi, although the ayurvedic technique is more complex and may involve prayers as well as physical pharma cy techniques. However, these products have nonetheless caused severe  lead poisoning  and other toxic effects. [7][57] Due to these concerns, the Government of India ruled that ayurvedic products must specify their metallic content directly on the labels of the product,[8]  but, writing on the subject for  Current Science, a publication of the  Indian Academy of Sciences, M. S. Valiathan noted that â€Å"the absence of post-market surveillance and the paucity of test laboratory facilities [in India] make the quality control of Ayurvedic medicines exceedingly difficult at this time. [8] Ayurveda can be defined as a system, which uses the inherent principles of nature, to help maintain health in a person by keeping the individual’s body, mind and spirit in perfect equilibrium with nature. What is the Origin of Ayurveda? : Widely regarded as the oldest form of healthcare in the world, Ayurveda is an intricate medical system that originated in India thousands of years ago. The fundamentals of Ayurveda can be found in Hindu scriptures called the  Vedas  Ã¢â‚¬â€ the ancient Indian books of wisdom. The  Rig Veda, which was written over 6,000 years ago, contains a series of prescriptions that can help humans overcome various ailments. What does Ayurveda do to you? : The aim of this system is to prevent illness, heal the sick and preserve life. This can be summed up as follows: * To protect health and prolong life (â€Å"Swasthyas swasthya rakshanam†) * To eliminate diseases and dysfunctions of the body (â€Å"Aturasya vikar prashamanamcha†) What are the Basic Principles of Ayurveda? : Ayurveda is based on the premise that the universe is made up of five elements: air, fire, water, earth and ether. These elements are represented in humans by three â€Å"doshas†, or energies:  Vata, Pitta  and  Kapha. When any of the  doshas  accumulate in the body beyond the desirable limit, the body loses its balance. Every individual has a distinct balance, and our health and well-being depend on getting a right balance of the three  doshas  (â€Å"tridoshas†). Ayurveda suggests specific lifestyle and nutritional guidelines to help individuals reduce the excess  dosha. A healthy person, as defined in  Sushrut Samhita,  one of the primary works on Ayurveda, is â€Å"he whose  doshas  are in balance, appetite is good, all tissues of the body and all natural urges are functioning properly, and whose mind, body and spirit are cheerful†¦ What is ‘Tridosha’ or the Theory of Bio-energies? : The three  doshas, or bio-energies found in our body are: * Vata  pertains to air and ether elements. This energy is generally seen as the force, which directs nerve impulses, circulation, respiration, and elimination. * Kapha  pertains to water and earth elements. Kapha  is responsible for growth and protection. The mucousal lining of the stomach, and the cerebral-spinal fluid that protects the brain and spinal column are examples of  kapha. * Pitta  pertains to fire and water elements. This  dosha  governs metabolism, e. g. , the transformation of foods into nutrients. Pitta  is also responsible for metabolism in the organ and tissue systems. What is ‘Panchakarma’ or the Therapy of Purification? : If toxins in the body are abundant, then a cleansing process known as  panchakarma  is recommended to purge these unwanted toxins. This fivefold purification therapy is a classical form of treatment in ayurveda. These specialized procedures consist of the following: * Therapeutic vomiting or emesis (Vaman) * Purgation (Virechan) Enema (Basti) * Elimination of toxins through the nose (Nasya) * Bloodletting or detoxification of the blood (Rakta moksha) The roots of ayurveda| | | | Ayurveda,the oldest system of medicine in the world, traces its roots to the Vedic period in ancient India. The  Vedas  contain practical and scientific information on various subjects beneficial to the humanity like health, philosophy, engineering, astrology etc. Vedic Brahmans  were not only priests performing religious rites and ceremonies, they also became the  Vaidyas (Ayurvedic Physicians). The Sage- Physician- Surgeons of that time were the same sages or seers, deeply devoted holy people , who saw health as an integral part of spiritual life. It is said, that they received their training of  Ayurveda  through direct cognition during meditation. In other words, the knowledge of the use of various methods of healing, prevention, longevity and surgery came through Divine revelation . These revelations were transcribed from the oral tradition into book form, interspersed with the other aspects of life. | | |   |   | | | Consequently  Ayurveda  grew into a respected and widely used system of healing in India. Around CA. 1500 Before. Common era. Ayurveda  was delineated into eight specific branches of medicine and there were two main schools –  Atreya, the school of physicians, and  Dhanvantari  , the school of surgeons. These two schools made  Ayurveda  a more scientifically verifiable and classifiable medical system. People from numerous countries came to Indian Ayurvedic schools to learn this medical science. They came from China, Tibet, Greece, Rome, Egypt ,Afghanistan, Persia etc. to learn the complete wisdom and bring it back to their own countries. Ayurvedic texts were translated in Arabic and   physicians such as Avicenna and Razi Sempion, who both quoted Ayurvedic texts , established Islamic Medicine. This medicine became popular in Europe and helped to form the foundation of the European tradition in medicine. In the 16th  Century Europe , Paracelsus , who is known as the father of modern Western medicine, practiced and propagated a system of medicine which borrowed heavily from  Ayurveda.. | | Principles of Ayurveda| | | | |   |   |   | | | Ayurveda  is a holistic healing science which comprises of two words,  Ayu  and  Veda. Ayu means life and  Vedameans knowledge or science. So the literal meaning of the word  Ayurveda  is the science of life. Ayurveda  is a science dealing not only with treatment of some diseases but is a complete way of life. Ayurveda  aims at making a happy, healthy and peaceful society. The two most important aims of  Ayurveda  are:   + To maintain the health of healthy people + To cure the diseases of sick peopleA Person is seen in  Ayurveda  as a unique individual made up of five primary elements. These elements are ether (space), air, fire,water and earth. Just as in nature, we too have these five elements in us. When any of these elements are imbalanced   in the environment , they will in turn have an influence on us. The foods we eat and the weather are just two examples of the influence of these elements . While we are a composite of these five primary elements, certain elements are seen to have an ability to combine to create various physiological functions. The elements combine with Ether and Air in dominence to form what is known in  Ayurveda  as  Vata Dosha. Vatagoverns the principle of movement and therefore can be seen as the force which directs nerve impulses, circulation, respiration and elemination etc. The elements with Fire and Water in dominence combine to form the  Pitta Dosha  . The  Pitta Dosha  is responsible for the process of transformation or metabolism. The transformation of foods into nutrients that our bodies can assimilate is an example of a Pitta function. Pitta  is also responsible for metabolism in the organ and tissue systems as well as cellular metabolism. Finally, it is predominantly the water and earth elements which combine to form the  Kapha Dosha. Kapha  is responsible for growth, adding structure unit by unit. It also offers protection , for example, in form of the cerebral-spinal fluid,which protects the brain and spinal column. The mucousal lining of the stomach is another example of the function of Kapha Dosha protecting the tissues. |   Ã‚  | | We are all made up of unique proportions of  Vata,Pitta and Kapha. These ratios of the Doshas vary in each individual and because of this  Ayurveda  sees each person as a special mixture that accounts for our diversity. Ayurveda  gives us a model to look at each individual as a unique makeup of the three doshas and to thereby design treatment protocols that specifically address a persons health challenges. When any of the doshas become accumulated,  Ayurveda  will suggest specific lifestyle and nutritional guidelines to assist the individual in reducing the dosha that has become excessive. Also herbal medicines will be suggested , to cure the imbalance and the disease. Understanding this main principle of  Ayurveda  , it offers us an explanation as to why one person responds differently to a treatment or diet than another and why persons with the same disease might yet require different treatments and medications. | | |      Ã‚  |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  |      Ã‚  Ã‚  | Other important basic principles of  Ayurveda  which are briefly mentioned here are: 1. Dhatus- These are the basic tissues which maintain and nourish the body. They are seven in number namely- rasa(chyle), raktha(blood), mamsa(muscles),meda(fatty tissue), asthi(bone), majja(marrow) and sukla(reprodutive tissue). Proper amount of each dhatu and their balanced function is very important for good health. 2. Mala- These are the waste materials produced as a result of various metabolic activities in the body. They are mainly urine, feaces, sweat etc. Proper elimination of the malas is equally important for good health. Accumulation of malas causes many diseases in the body. 3. Srotas- These are different types of channels which are responsible for transportation of food,  dhatus,malas  and  doshas. Proper functioning of  srotas  is necessary for transporting different materials to the site of their requirement. Blockage of  srotas  causes many diseases. 4. Agni- These are different types of enzymes responsible for digestion and transforming one material to another. All these factors should function in a proper balance for good health. They are inter-related and are directly or indirectly responsible for maintaining equilibrium of the tridoshas. Balance and Harmony of the Three Doshas When the three Doshas are well harmonised and function in a balanced manner, it results in good nourishment and well-being of the individual . But when there is imbalance or disharmony within or between them, it will result in elemental imbalance , leading to various kinds of ailments. The Ayurvedic concept of physical health revolves round these three Doshas and its primary purpose is to help maintain them in a balanced state and thus to prevent disease. This humoral theory is not unique to the ancient Indian Medicine : The Yin and Yang theory in chinese medicine and the Hippocratic theory of four humours in Greek medicine are also very similar. |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  | | The Qualities of the Three Doshas The three Doshas possess qualities and their increase or decrease in the system depends upon the similar or antagonistic qualities of everything ingested. Vata  is : dry, cold, light, mobile, clear, rough, subtle Pitta  is : slightly oily, hot, intense, light, fluid,free flowing, foul smelling. Kapha  is: oily, cold, heavy, stable, viscid, smooth, soft Both  Vata  and  Pitta  are light and only Kapha is heavy. Both  Vata  and  Kapha  are cold and only Pitta is hot. Both  Pitta  and  Kapha  are moist and oily and only Vata is dry. |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  | | Anything dry almost always increases  Vata  , anything hot increases  Pitta  and anything heavy ,  Kapha. Puffed rice is dry, cold light and rough – overindulgence in puffed rice therefore is likely to increase Vata in the overindulger. Mustard oil is oily , hot , intense , fluid , strong-smelling and liquid and increases Pitta in the consumer. Yoghurt , which , being creamy, cold, heavy, viscid, smooth and soft , is the very image of Kapha , adds to the body’s Kapha when eaten. All Five elemets , as expressed through  Vata, Pitta and Kapha  , are essential to life, working together to create health or produce disease. No one dosha can produce or sustain life – all three must work together , each in its own way. | | | PURIFICATION THERAPY| | | ‘Health is purity and disease is impurity So purification is the treatment. ’   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (old Indian saying)| | | Purification therapy is a unique feature of  Ayurveda  by which the  complete cure and non recurrence of disease is made possible. The functional components (doshas, namely  vatha, pitha kapha  ) move all around the body through the channels of circulation to do the normal physiological activities. The disease is the result of imbalance in the quantity and quality of the doshas. During the disease process, the unbalanced doshas get lodged in the weak parts of the channels of circulation and produce the disease symptoms. If the channels of circulation are pure and healthy, even the aggravated doshas cannot locate anywhere and produce disease   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ayurveda  offers two measures in the management of a disease 😠 | | . Pacifying therapy  :-  in which the unbalanced  doshas  are pacified with in the body itself. As this therapy don’t cleanse the channels of circulation, there is the possibility of reprovocation when exposed to similar causative factors. This therapy is suited in conditions in which there is not much vitiation of the doshas. 2. Purification therapy  :-  It is aimed at the complete expulsion of the unbalanced  doshas  and the purification of the channels of circulation. As the channels are cleansed and strengthened by this process, the chance of recurrence is nil.   |   | Purification therapy can be implemented not only for curing diseases but to maintain health. No other systems of medicine can offer such an effective treatment measure. So we can proudly declare our superiority of Ayurveda to any other systems on account of its purification therapy. The purification otherwise called  Ã¢â‚¬ËœPancha karma therapy’  is    implemented in five ways. | | | 1. Enema therapy :-  It is best for vatha imbalance. 2. Purgation therapy :-  Best for pitha imbalance. 3. Emesis therapy :-  For kapha imbalance. 4. Nasal drops :-  For all diseases above the neck. 5. Blood letting :-  Best for removing blood impurities. | | |   |   | | Stages of the treatment|   | | First stage  :-  This includes the external and internal application oils followed with fomentation or sudation. By this the unbalanced doshas lodged in the weak parts of the channels are liquified and loosened. Main or second stage  :-  In this stage the loosened and liquified doshas are expelled out of the body by the appropriate purifactory procedure. Post therapy  :-  This includes the regimens to be practised after the purification. This is mainly intended to augment the digestive fire. | | How to cite Medicine and Ayurveda, Papers